F with Accent: Silent Irish ḟ, Fita ḟ in Catalogs, Ewe ƒ
Only one f with accent is a single character: ḟ, the f with dot above, capital Ḟ. In Irish Gaelic type it is a silent fh. In Library of Congress romanization of old Russian it is the fita ѳ, said f, which ISO 9 writes f̀. The hooked ƒ is a separate letter: Ewe [ɸ], and the florin sign.
How do you type ḟ on a keyboard or phone?
On a Mac, ḟ is Fn/Globe+E, then search "latin small letter f with dot above", then ḟ; on Windows it is Win+., then Symbols, then ḟ. Each row below gives the documented method for one device or app; the vendor help pages they come from are linked under the table.
| Device or app | Keys |
|---|---|
| Mac | Fn/Globe+E, then search "latin small letter f with dot above", then ḟ How to type accents on a Mac |
| Windows | Win+., then Symbols, then ḟ How to type accents on Windows |
| Microsoft Word | 1e1f, then Alt+X How to type accents in Word |
| Google Docs | Insert, then Symbols, then Special characters, then search "latin small letter f with dot above" How to type accents in Google Docs |
Sources:Mac (Apple) (opens in a new tab)Windows (Microsoft) (opens in a new tab)Microsoft Word (Microsoft) (opens in a new tab)Google Docs (Google) (opens in a new tab)
- ḟ f with dot above
- Ḟ capital f with dot above
Which letters are related to f with accent?
These letter pages share an accent mark or a language with ḟ Ḟ, the most shared languages first.
Which f with accent is in front of you: ḟ, f̀ or ƒ?
The f with accent you see is most likely ḟ, the f with dot above, because no other accented f is a single Unicode character. In UnicodeData.txt (opens in a new tab) only U+1E1F and its capital U+1E1E break down into an f plus a mark, and the mark is the dot above.
We checked the other side on 2026-10-13 in Node.js v26.0.0 with ICU 78.3. An f followed by an acute, grave, macron, diaeresis, tilde, caron, cedilla or dot below stayed two code points after NFC. The same marks on an e each became one letter.
That leaves three shapes a reader meets, and each belongs to a different tradition. The rows come from Unicode's NamesList.txt (opens in a new tab), the Library of Congress Russian table (opens in a new tab), the Russian transliteration sheet (opens in a new tab) at transliteration.eki.ee and Wiktionary's entries for ḟ (opens in a new tab), ƒ (opens in a new tab) and ꞙ (opens in a new tab).
| What you see | Code points | Where it comes from | Read it as |
|---|---|---|---|
| ḟ | U+1E1F, one letter | Irish in Gaelic type | fh, silent |
| ḟ | U+1E1F, one letter | ALA-LC, ISO/R 9 and GOST romanization of pre-reform Russian | the fita ѳ, an f sound |
| f̀ | f + U+0300, two code points | ISO 9 romanization of Russian | the same fita |
| ƒ | U+0192, a letter with no decomposition | Ewe | [ɸ], an f made with both lips |
| ƒ | U+0192 | Dutch guilder, photography, mathematics | the florin, an f-number, a function |
| ꞙ | U+A799, f with stroke | old Ewe orthography | the letter ƒ later replaced |
So the dotted f is the only true f with accent, and it is a historical letter in both of its uses. The f with hook, ƒ, is the one a living alphabet writes today, and it is not an accented f at all: Unicode gives it no decomposition to plain f.
Why does the dot on an Irish ḟ leave no sound behind?
Because lenition turns an Irish f into silence, not into another sound. Wiktionary's ḟ (opens in a new tab) entry says the dotted letter equals fh in roman type, and its fh (opens in a new tab) entry gives the Irish pronunciation in one word: silent. Unicode's names list files U+1E1F under Irish Gaelic, old orthography.
The compounds of fear, man, show it. Wiktionary gives fear (opens in a new tab) as /fʲaɾˠ/. In these compounds its f is lenited, and the IPA loses the f entirely.
| Roman type | Gaelic type | Meaning | IPA in Wiktionary |
|---|---|---|---|
| fear | fear | man | /fʲaɾˠ/ |
| seanfhear | seanḟear | old man | /ˈʃanˠˌaɾˠ/ |
| ógfhear | ógḟear | young man | /ˈoːɡˌaɾˠ/ |
| seanfhocal | seanḟocal | proverb | /ˈʃanˠɔkəl̪ˠ/ |
The Gaelic type column applies Wiktionary's rule that fh is ḟ in that type. For the proverb the dotted form is on record: Wiktionary's seanfhocal (opens in a new tab) derives it from Middle Irish senḟocul and cites Dinneen's first edition under sean-ḟocal. Its entries for seanfhear (opens in a new tab) and ógfhear (opens in a new tab) give the other two pronunciations.
Compare the p. On the p with accent page, the same dot makes ṗ an f sound. On f it removes the consonant. Scottish Gaelic keeps a few exceptions: Wiktionary's fh entry says fh is said /h/ in fhèin, fhuair and fhathast.
The silence makes a careless conversion worse than useless. In our Node.js test, Irish collation at base strength matched seanḟocal with seanfocal, a spelling that puts back an f the word does not have, and kept it apart from seanfhocal. Write fh for ḟ and Fh for Ḟ before you strip any marks.
How did the Russian fita become ḟ in library catalogs?
Through the romanization tables that librarians follow for books printed before Russia's spelling reform. Wiktionary's entry for ѳ (opens in a new tab) describes the fita as a letter for Greek θ, which Russian said as /f/, and says the reform replaced it with ф. The Library of Congress Russian table (opens in a new tab) of 2012 lists Ѳ ѳ as Ḟ ḟ under the note that the reform of 1918 eliminated the letter. Its Church Slavic table (opens in a new tab) of 2022 gives the fita the same Ḟ ḟ, and a numeric value of 9; ф there counts 500.
The other schemes come from the Russian sheet (opens in a new tab) at transliteration.eki.ee, which files the fita among the characters used until 1918, and from Wiktionary's own Russian transliteration (opens in a new tab) page.
| Scheme | ѳ, the fita | ф, the ef | Аѳины, Athens |
|---|---|---|---|
| ALA-LC, Library of Congress | ḟ | f | Aḟiny |
| ISO/R 9 (1968) | ḟ | f | Aḟiny |
| GOST (1983) | ḟ | f | Aḟiny |
| ISO 9 (1995) | f̀ | f | Af̀iny |
| BGN/PCGN (1947) | no value | f | — |
| Wiktionary | f | f | Afiny |
The Athens column applies each scheme letter by letter to Аѳины (opens in a new tab), which Wiktionary gives as the pre-reform spelling of Афины. Fyodor works the same way: Wiktionary lists Ѳёдоръ (opens in a new tab) as the old spelling of Фёдор, so an ALA-LC record of the old form begins with Ḟ.
Unlike the Irish letter, this ḟ is said aloud: it was always an f. The dot only records that the book used ѳ rather than ф. ISO 9 makes the same point with a grave, which leaves the record with two code points per fita. Our ICU test still matched both f̀ and ḟ with a plain f at base strength, so an accent-insensitive catalogue search finds Aḟiny and Af̀iny under Afiny.
Is ƒ an Ewe letter, the florin sign or a function?
All three, and Unicode gives them one code point. Wiktionary's entry for ƒ (opens in a new tab) lists the Ewe letter, said [ɸ], beside its symbol senses. The Ewe alphabet shown with Ƒ (opens in a new tab) has F f and Ƒ ƒ as separate letters, and ʋ as the voiced partner of ƒ.
| Use of U+0192 | What it means | Source |
|---|---|---|
| Ewe letter | the voiceless bilabial fricative [ɸ] | Wiktionary |
| Africa Alphabet | the same [ɸ] | Wiktionary |
| Currency | the Dutch guilder, the florin | Wiktionary; Unicode names list alias |
| Photography | an f-number, written ƒ/N | Wiktionary |
| Mathematics | a function symbol | Unicode names list alias |
| Mac file names | an abbreviation for folder | Wiktionary; Unicode names list note |
The shared code point causes a design clash. Unicode document L2/09-113 (opens in a new tab), a 2009 proposal from the German national body, argued that U+0192 is an ordinary Latin letter that should stand upright in a roman font, as Ewe readers expect, while a florin sign is drawn like an italic f. It asked for a new FLORIN SIGN at U+20B9. In the Unicode 18.0 names list, U+20B9 is the Indian rupee sign, and U+0192 still carries the florin alias.
Treat ƒ as a letter in software, because it is one. Our 2026-10-13 test found that it matches the Unicode letter class and not the currency-symbol class, unlike ₣. ICU at base strength did not match it with f, so a search that ignores accents will not find ƒe under fe. Ewe and English collation gave the same order, with ƒ after every f: fa, fo, fu, ƒa, Ƒo, ƒu, ga.
ꞙ (opens in a new tab), the f with stroke, is the earlier Ewe form. The names list calls it old Ewe orthography and also places it in the Anthropos phonetic alphabet, and Wiktionary marks it superseded by ƒ.
Which f-shaped characters carry no accent at all?
Most of what turns up when you hunt for an unusual f. Unicode keeps them in other blocks with other meanings, and Unicode compatibility normalization, NFKC, folds only some of them back to a plain f. The meanings are from Wiktionary's Variations of f (opens in a new tab) appendix and the entries linked below. The NFKC column is our Node.js result of 2026-10-13.
| Character | Code point | What it is | After NFKC |
|---|---|---|---|
| ꝼ | U+A77C | insular f, the f of insular script | unchanged |
| ſ | U+017F | long s; Wiktionary notes its resemblance to f in some fonts | s |
| ẛ | U+1E9B | long s with dot above, sh in Gaelic type | s + dot |
| fi | U+FB01 | the fi ligature | fi |
| 𝑓 | U+1D453 | mathematical italic small f | f |
| ℉ | U+2109 | degree Fahrenheit | ° and F |
| ₣ | U+20A3 | French franc sign | unchanged |
| ᵮ | U+1D6E | f with middle tilde, an emphatic f in IPA | unchanged |
| ᶂ | U+1D82 | f with palatal hook, the pre-1989 IPA for fʲ | unchanged |
| ꬵ | U+AB35 | lenis f of the Teuthonista transcription | unchanged |
| Ⅎ ⅎ | U+2132, U+214E | turned F, the Claudian letter for consonantal u | unchanged |
| ꟻ | U+A7FB | reversed F of Latin inscriptions, for filia or femina | unchanged |
Wiktionary's entries for ſ (opens in a new tab), ẛ (opens in a new tab), fi (opens in a new tab), ᵮ (opens in a new tab), ᶂ (opens in a new tab), ꬵ (opens in a new tab), Ⅎ (opens in a new tab), ꟻ (opens in a new tab) and ₣ (opens in a new tab) supply the rows; the code points are from the names list. The ₣ entry calls it a proposed symbol for the French franc that was never used, and a lesser-used sign for the Swiss franc.
The pair to watch in old Irish print is ẛ and ḟ. Both are tall letters with a dot, and the names list says ẛ is in current use in Gaelic types as a form of ṡ. The ẛ reads sh, the ḟ reads fh, and ICU at base strength did not match the two. If a scan of Gaelic type gives you a dotted letter that looks like an f without its crossbar, check it against ẛ before you copy ḟ.
How to type f with accent, step by step
Step 1: Word: 1e1f, then Alt+X
Type 1e1f where ḟ belongs and press Alt+X; Word replaces the code with the letter. 1e1e gives the capital Ḟ.
Step 2: Mac: Character Viewer search for f with dot above
Press Fn/Globe+E and type latin small letter f with dot above into the search field, or the capital form's name. Double-click the result.
Step 3: Windows: Win+. and the Symbols tab
Press Win+. to open the panel, choose Symbols, and look for ḟ among the Latin letters. Click it to insert.
Step 4: Google Docs: Special characters by name
Open Insert, then Symbols, then Special characters, and search latin small letter f with dot above. Click the letter.
Step 5: Check which f the text needs first
Modern Irish writes fh, not ḟ. A Russian catalogue record copies the scheme it follows: ḟ in ALA-LC, f̀ in ISO 9. Ewe needs ƒ, U+0192, which is a separate letter: in Word, type 0192 and press Alt+X.
What is the Unicode code for ḟ?
ḟ is U+1E1F, LATIN SMALL LETTER F WITH DOT ABOVE, added in Unicode 1.1 in 1993. In UTF-8 it is stored as the bytes E1 B8 9F, and the table gives every escape a developer needs.
| Code point | U+1E1F |
|---|---|
| Name | LATIN SMALL LETTER F WITH DOT ABOVE |
| Added in | Unicode 1.1 (1993) |
| UTF-8 bytes | E1 B8 9F |
| HTML | ḟ ḟ |
| CSS | \1E1F |
| JavaScript | \u1E1F |
| Python | \u1e1f |
| URL | %E1%B8%9F |
If a page shows ḟ instead of ḟ, its UTF-8 bytes are being read as Windows-1252. Serve the page as UTF-8 (<meta charset="utf-8">) to fix it.
What are all the f letters with accents?
Every f with an accent mark on AccentPad, lowercase then capitals. Tap one to copy it:
ḟ Ḟ have no Alt code: Windows cannot type them that way.
Need a letter other than ḟ?
Frequently asked questions about f with accent
Is a typed f plus a combining dot the same as ḟ?
After normalization, yes. UnicodeData.txt gives U+1E1F the canonical decomposition 0066 0307, so NFC turns f followed by U+0307 into the single ḟ, and NFD splits it back. Before normalizing, the two strings differ byte for byte and an exact search can miss one of them. Ḟ, U+1E1E, decomposes the same way to F and U+0307. Neither has a named HTML entity; write ḟ for ḟ.
How do you say ḟ?
It depends on the text. In Irish Gaelic type ḟ stands for fh, and Wiktionary's entry for fh gives its Irish pronunciation as silent: seanfhear, old man, is /ˈʃanˠˌaɾˠ/. In an ALA-LC catalogue record of a pre-reform Russian title, ḟ stands for the fita ѳ, which Wiktionary says Russian pronounced /f/. So one ḟ is said as nothing, and the other is said f.
Can an Ewe writer use a plain f instead of ƒ?
No. The Ewe alphabet that Wiktionary lists for Ƒ has F f and Ƒ ƒ as two letters, and its entry for ƒ gives the sound as the voiceless bilabial fricative [ɸ], blown through the lips rather than between lip and teeth. Software keeps them apart too: in our Node.js test of 2026-10-13, ICU found ƒ different from f even when told to ignore accents and case.
Does ISO 9 also write the fita as ḟ?
No. In the Russian table at transliteration.eki.ee, ISO 9 of 1995 gives Ѳ ѳ as an f with a grave, f̀, and the izhitsa Ѵ ѵ as ỳ. ISO/R 9 of 1968, GOST of 1983 and ALA-LC use the dot instead: ḟ for the fita and ẏ for the izhitsa. The grave f has no code point of its own, so it is always f followed by U+0300.
Which character is the florin or guilder sign?
U+0192, the same ƒ that Ewe writes. Unicode's names list gives it the alias Florin currency symbol (Netherlands). A 2009 proposal from the German national body, Unicode document L2/09-113, asked for a separate FLORIN SIGN so Ewe text could stay upright. It described the sign as unofficial for the Netherlands Antillean guilder and noted that Aruba's central bank had not confirmed it for the Aruban florin.