AccentPad

P with Accent: The Dot on ṗ Can Mean f, p or an Ejective p

A p with accent is ṗ or ṕ, and the mark alone does not fix the sound. In Irish Gaelic type ṗ is ph, said f. ISO 259 writes the Hebrew פּ, said p, as ṗ. Georgian schemes such as KNAB give ṗ to the ejective პ. The acute ṕ was the soft p of old Lower Sorbian, now pj.

How do you type ṗ on a keyboard or phone?

On a Mac, ṗ is Fn/Globe+E, then search "latin small letter p with dot above", then ṗ; on Windows it is Win+., then Symbols, then ṗ. Each row below gives the documented method for one device or app; the vendor help pages they come from are linked under the table.

Device or appKeys
MacFn/Globe+E, then search "latin small letter p with dot above", then ṗ How to type accents on a Mac
WindowsWin+., then Symbols, then ṗ How to type accents on Windows
Microsoft Word1e57, then Alt+X How to type accents in Word
Google DocsInsert, then Symbols, then Special characters, then search "latin small letter p with dot above" How to type accents in Google Docs

Sources:Mac (Apple)Windows (Microsoft)Microsoft Word (Microsoft)Google Docs (Google)

What is the Unicode code for ṗ?

ṗ is U+1E57, LATIN SMALL LETTER P WITH DOT ABOVE, added in Unicode 1.1 in 1993. In UTF-8 it is stored as the bytes E1 B9 97, and the table gives every escape a developer needs.

Code pointU+1E57
NameLATIN SMALL LETTER P WITH DOT ABOVE
Added inUnicode 1.1 (1993)
UTF-8 bytesE1 B9 97
HTMLṗ ṗ
CSS\1E57
JavaScript\u1E57
Python\u1e57
URL%E1%B9%97

If a page shows á¹— instead of ṗ, its UTF-8 bytes are being read as Windows-1252. Serve the page as UTF-8 (<meta charset="utf-8">) to fix it.

Which sound does the dot on ṗ stand for?

The dot on a p with accent means f, p or an ejective p, depending on who wrote it. Unicode's NamesList.txt records a single use for U+1E57, the p with dot above: Irish Gaelic, old orthography. Romanization tables have since taken the same character for other jobs, and they point the dot in opposite directions.

The rows below come from Wiktionary's entries for ṗ and ph, KNAB's tables for Hebrew, Yiddish and Georgian, and the Abkhaz transliteration table hosted by the Institute of the Estonian Language.

Where ṗ appearsWhat it rendersHow it is saidWhat a plain p means there
Irish, Gaelic typeph/fˠ/ or /fʲ/, an fa p
Hebrew, ISO 259 transliterationפּ, pe with a dageshpפ, said f
Yiddish, KNAB's transliteration adapted from ISO 259פּpפ, romanized f
Georgian, KNAB, IKE and TITUSპ[pʼ], an ejective pფ, [pʰ]
Abkhaz, KNAB and TITUSпno IPA in these sources; BGN/PCGN writes p’ҧ, /pʰ/

So one dot does three things. In Irish it turns the p into an f. In Hebrew transliteration it copies the dagesh, the dot that keeps the letter a p. In the Caucasian tables it marks an ejective, which Wiktionary's IPA writes with an apostrophe.

The plain p column is the part to watch. A p with dot above is safe to read only once you know which column you are in, and a bare p is not safer: in Hebrew transliteration it is the f letter.

Is Georgian p’ the ejective პ or the aspirated ფ?

Georgian p’ is the ejective p in Georgia's national system, but in ISO 9984 the same p with an apostrophe is the aspirated letter. The apostrophe alone tells you nothing. Wiktionary gives პ as [pʼ] and ფ as [pʰ]. The scheme columns are from the Georgian transliteration table at transliteration.eki.ee, read from its rendered page. KNAB's Georgian sheet adds that BGN/PCGN adopted the national system in 2009.

Schemeპ, [pʼ]ფ, [pʰ]პური, breadფული, money
ISO 9984 (1996)ppʼpuripʼuli
National system (2002), BGN/PCGN since 2009p’pp’uripuli
ALA-LC (1997)ppʻpuripʻuli
KNAB (1993), IKE (1974), TITUS (2000)ṗpṗuripuli

The two word columns apply each scheme letter by letter. Wiktionary's own spellings, from its entries for პური and ფული, are ṗuri and puli, because its Georgian transliteration follows the system of the Annual of Ibero-Caucasian Linguistics, the IKE row.

Look at where the apostrophe lands. In the national system it sits on bread; in ISO 9984 it sits on money. The dotted ṗ never moves: every scheme in the table that uses it gives it to პ. The same entry for ხაჭაპური, khachapuri, reads xač̣aṗuri. Wiktionary glosses it cheese bread and builds it from ხაჭო, curds, and პური, so the ṗ in its third syllable is the ejective of bread.

Does a plain p in a Hebrew romanization mean p or f?

A plain p in a Hebrew romanization can be either sound, because two scholarly habits mirror each other. Hebrew פ is a p with a dagesh inside it and an f without, as Wiktionary's Hebrew entry guidelines and the UN report on Hebrew both show. ISO 259 marks the dagesh form with a dot. Wiktionary's scholarly transcription marks the other form with a macron.

Hebrew letterSaid todayWiktionary, modernWiktionary, scholarlyISO 259, per KNABUN system, 2007
פּ, with dageshpppṗp
פ, without dageshffp̄pf

The bottom row is the trap. In ISO 259 a bare p is the f sound, and in the scholarly column it is the p sound. A name copied from one system into the other changes letters with no visible error.

KNAB's Hebrew sheet also converts an alternative system it calls PNL2000 into ISO 259, mapping that system's p to ṗ and its p̄ to p. Its Yiddish table keeps the ISO 259 pair, ṗ and p, beside the romanized p and f. The same split for ב, with ḇ as the softened form, is on the b with accent page.

What did ṕ spell before Lower Sorbian wrote pj?

A soft p, /pʲ/: a p said with the tongue raised toward the palate. Wiktionary's ṕ entry marks the Lower Sorbian letter obsolete and names its replacement, the digraph pj. The word for feather shows the change. Wiktionary's pjero, said /ˈpʲɛrɔ/, lists péro and ṕero as obsolete forms, and its further-reading link points to the headword ṕero in Muka's Lower Sorbian dictionary.

That is not the only job of the p with acute. All four rows below are from the ṕ entry, except the Abkhaz one, which is from the Abkhaz table, with BGN/PCGN's Abkhaz romanization for the last column.

Who writes ṕWhat it stands forThe usual spelling elsewhere
Lower Sorbian, old spelling/pʲ/, a soft ppj, as in pjero
Uralic Phonetic Alphabet[pʲ]pʲ in IPA
Ho, in etymological spellings/ˀp̚/, a glottalized p with no releaseb when a vowel follows
Abkhaz, ISO 9 transliterationҧ, /pʰ/p in KNAB and BGN/PCGN, ph in ALA-LC

The Ho row has a twist. Wiktionary derives haṕ, to bite, from Proto-North Munda *kaˀp and gives it as /haˀp̚/. Conjugated, the same ṕ is said as b: haṕoḱ is /haboʔ/. The spelling keeps the history, not the sound. Its partner ḱ is on the k with accent page.

The Abkhaz row pairs with the dot table above. ISO 9 writes ҧ as ṕ, and KNAB writes п as ṗ, so the acute and the dot name two different Abkhaz letters. Wiktionary adds that ҧ is a dated form; the current letter, ԥ, has a tick on its leg.

Why does an Irish ṗ lose its meaning when the dot is stripped?

Because Irish keeps grammar in that dot. Wiktionary's entry for the Irish possessive a lists three words with one spelling: a meaning his softens the next consonant, a meaning her leaves it alone, and a meaning their eclipses it. Its entry for peann, pen, gives the softened form pheann and the eclipsed form bpeann.

Gaelic typeRoman typeMeaning
a ṗeanna pheannhis pen
a peanna peannher pen
a bpeanna bpeanntheir pen

The first column applies Wiktionary's rule that ṗ in Gaelic type equals ph in roman type. Strip the dot and his pen becomes her pen.

Software strips it readily. On 2026-10-10 we ran Node.js v26.0.0 with ICU 78.3. Decomposing a ṗeann and dropping the combining marks returned a peann.

Irish collation rules at base strength found ṗeann equal to peann and different from pheann. So a search over old Gaelic type text that ignores accents finds the wrong pen. Replace ṗ with ph and Ṗ with Ph before folding. The g with accent page covers what the dot does to other Irish consonants.

Which marked p is not ṕ or ṗ at all?

Most of them: a precomposed p with accent is either ṕ or ṗ. Unicode's UnicodeData.txt composes a p with only two marks into a single letter: the dot above and the acute. Our Node.js test of 2026-10-10 found that p with a combining macron, comma above, diaeresis or dot below stays two code points after NFC. The control, e with an acute, became é.

What you seeWhat it is made ofWhat it means
ꝑU+A751, one characterper or par in Medieval Latin, par in ꝑliament
ꝓU+A753, one characterpro in Medieval Latin
ꝕU+A755, one characterprae in Medieval Latin
p̓p + U+0313, comma above/pʼ/ in Kwak'wala, Lushootseed, Nuu-chah-nulth and Okanagan
pʼp + U+02BC, modifier apostrophe/pʼ/ in Aymara, Lakota, Kiowa and Squamish
p̄p + U+0304, macronthe antiproton in physics; f in scholarly Hebrew
p̈p + U+0308, diaeresisa sound made with the tongue on the upper lip, in Araki

The meanings come from Wiktionary's entries for ꝑ, ꝓ, ꝕ, p̓, pʼ, p̄ and p̈; the Hebrew p̄ is from the guidelines cited above. The three scribal letters sit in Unicode's Latin Extended-D chart, far from ṕ and ṗ in the Latin Extended Additional chart.

For the two-part letters, type p and then the mark; no single p with accent exists for them. In Word, type p, then 0313, and press Alt+X: the code becomes a comma above the p, as Microsoft's Alt+X page describes.

The comma above and the apostrophe stand for one sound, yet software keeps them apart. In the same Node test, ICU at base strength matched p̓ with a plain p, kept pʼ apart from p, and never matched the two with each other. Use the form the language's own alphabet uses.

How to type p with accent, step by step

Step 1: Word: 1e57 or 1e55, then Alt+X

Type 1e57 where the letter belongs and press Alt+X; Word turns the code into ṗ. 1e55 gives ṕ, and 1e56 and 1e54 give the capitals Ṗ and Ṕ.

Step 2: Mac: search the Character Viewer for p with dot above

Press Fn/Globe+E, then type latin small letter p with dot above, or latin small letter p with acute, in the search field. Double-click the letter.

Step 3: Windows: Win+. and the Latin letters in Symbols

Press Win+. to open the panel, go to Symbols and find ṗ or ṕ among the Latin letters. A click inserts it.

Step 4: Google Docs: name search in Special characters

Choose Insert, then Symbols, then Special characters, and search p with dot above or p with acute. Click the match to place it.

Step 5: Name the scheme before you paste

For Irish in roman type, write ph instead of ṗ. For Georgian, use ṗ only when the text follows KNAB, IKE or TITUS, because the national system writes p’. For Abkhaz, ṕ is ISO 9's ҧ and ṗ is KNAB's п, so the two are not interchangeable.

Which letters are related to p with accent?

These letter pages share an accent mark or a language with ṗ Ṗ ṕ Ṕ, the most shared languages first.

Every letter with the same mark, on one page, for ṕ: Accent aigu.

What are all the p letters with accents?

Every p with an accent mark on AccentPad, lowercase then capitals. Tap one to copy it:

ṗ Ṗ ṕ Ṕ have no Alt code: Windows cannot type them that way.

Need a letter other than ṗ?

Frequently asked questions about p with accent

Is ṗ just another way to write ph?

In Irish, yes. Wiktionary's entry for ṗ calls the dot the ponc séimhithe and says the dotted letter equals ph in roman type. Its entry for ph gives the Irish sounds /fˠ/ and /fʲ/, both kinds of f. Outside Irish the equation fails: KNAB's Hebrew table gives ṗ to פּ, which the UN system romanizes p, and its Georgian table gives ṗ to the ejective პ.

Which capital goes with ṗ, and which with ṕ?

Ṗ, U+1E56, is the capital of ṗ, and Ṕ, U+1E54, is the capital of ṕ. Each sits one code point below its small letter in the Latin Extended Additional block, and all four date from Unicode 1.1. None has a named HTML entity, so markup writes ṗ as &#x1E57; and ṕ as &#x1E55;.

Why does ISO 259 put a dot over the Hebrew p?

To copy the dot inside the letter. The UN report on Hebrew calls the dagesh a dot within a consonant, and the dotted פּ is the p sound while the bare פ is f. KNAB's Hebrew table, which follows ISO 259 of 1984, carries that dot over the Latin letter: פּ is ṗ and פ is a plain p. The UN system writes the same pair as p and f.

Do any alphabets still treat ṕ or ṗ as a letter of their own?

None of the CLDR alphabets behind AccentPad's facts lists either one, so this page has no languages card. Wiktionary marks ṕ obsolete in Lower Sorbian and places ṗ in Gaelic type. What remains in use is a spelling habit and a set of schemes: Ho keeps ṕ in etymological spellings, and transliteration tables for Georgian, Abkhaz, Hebrew and Yiddish use one letter or the other.

Is the ꝑ of old manuscripts a p with accent?

Not in Unicode's sense. ꝑ is U+A751, LATIN SMALL LETTER P WITH STROKE THROUGH DESCENDER, one character with no decomposition, listed among the medievalist additions in NamesList. Wiktionary reads it as a scribe's abbreviation for per or par in Medieval Latin, and for par in early modern English, where ꝑliament stands for parliament. Typing ṕ in its place changes the letter.